In order to improve the conductivity, strength, corrosion resistance and durability of the tracer wire, multi-strand (or single-strand) copper wire or waste communication optical cable with a cross-sectional area of more than 2.5mm2 should be selected. When laying, try to keep the tracer line at the top of the pipe, peel off the insulation layer of the wire joint at the branch, twist the copper core together for several turns, and then wrap the joint with insulating tape to maintain good conductivity. At the dew point of the trace line, a detection pile (detection well) can be set to lead the trace line into the test pile for convenient detection and positioning. For the gas PE pipeline laid by directional drilling, the communication optical cable with higher strength should be selected, and the strength should be increased by relying on the internal main steel wire to avoid being pulled off during construction, resulting in the inability to detect and locate.

示踪方法

Tracer method

1、地面标志

1. Ground signs

在地面相应位置上进行标记，埋设标志、标志砖、标志贴等。这种方式直观易找，但受地面环境限制，如在快速路上很难设置。遇道路维修或拆迁等情况，还会大量丢失标志。现阶段地面标记物均采用以上标志。

Mark the corresponding positions on the ground, bury signs, sign bricks, sign stickers, etc. This method is intuitive and easy to find, but is limited by the ground environment, such as it is difficult to set on the expressway. In case of road maintenance or demolition, a large number of signs will be lost. At this stage, the above marks are used for ground markers.

2、设备探测

2. Equipment detection

一旦地面标志丢失，就只好使用设备进行地下管道探测。对于金属管材，一般用金属探管仪一种将电信号施加在管道上，然后追踪电信号走向的设备)进行路由定位。这种设备在地下管线少、无强磁、强电的地方效果较好，但对于管道密集的区域(如庭院)或导电性差的管道(如球墨铸铁管)，探测效率会大打折扣。PE管根本不导电，因此无法采用此项技术。我们也试用了其他设备，如地磁成像仪、地下空腔探测仪等，但在霸州公司未进行实际应用，效果暂时无法确定。除此之外，据了解目前市场上还没有一种设备能在探测PE管时达到理想效果。

Once the ground signs are lost, the equipment has to be used for underground pipeline detection. For metal pipes, the metal pipe detector (a device that applies electrical signals to the pipes and then tracks the direction of electrical signals) is generally used for routing and positioning. This kind of equipment works well in places with few underground pipelines, no strong magnetism and strong electricity, but for areas with dense pipelines (such as courtyards) or pipelines with poor conductivity (such as ductile iron pipes), the detection efficiency will be greatly reduced. PE pipe is not conductive at all, so this technology cannot be used. We have also tried other equipment, such as geomagnetic imager and underground cavity detector, but it has not been applied in Bazhou Company, and the effect cannot be determined temporarily. In addition, it is understood that there is no equipment on the market that can achieve the desired effect when detecting PE pipes.

3、金属薄膜示踪带

3. Metal film tracer band

在燃气PE管道上方敷设金属薄膜示踪带，然后用探管仪进行探测。示踪带中的金属薄膜具有导电性，理论上可以体现出金属管的特性，但实际上由于金属薄膜的截面积太小，导电性不好，受周围金属管道干扰大，致使探测效果非常差，只有在干扰小且距离地面很近的地方才能被探测到。而且辐射过程中，每100米需进行一次连接，如连接不当，在后期使用过程中因土壤沉降会导致示踪带断裂，进而无法检测。

Lay a metal film tracer tape above the gas PE pipeline, and then use a pipe detector for detection. The metal film in the tracer band has conductivity, which can theoretically reflect the characteristics of the metal tube. However, in fact, the detection effect is very poor because of the small cross-sectional area of the metal film, the poor conductivity, and the large interference of the surrounding metal tube, which can only be detected in the place with small interference and very close to the ground. In addition, during the radiation process, a connection should be made every 100 meters. If the connection is not correct, the tracer zone will be broken due to soil settlement in the later use process, which can not be detected.

4、金属示踪线

4. Metal tracer line

为提高示踪物体的导电性，我们曾使用金属示踪线来替代金属薄膜示踪带。由于示踪线的线芯是铜，且具有一定的截面积，因此导电性明显好于薄膜示踪带，尤其在刚埋下去的时候，探测效果较好。但随着时间延长，示踪线暴露出很大问题。a.示踪线一旦有断点，如施工时被挖断自然锈蚀、连接时没接牢等，从断点往后就无法被探测到。b.相对于其他地下管道或线路，示踪线的导电性没有它们好，因此造成探测信号过于微弱，以于混淆管道位置。而且抗拉性能差，在定向钻穿越中无法敷设。

In order to improve the conductivity of the tracer object, we have used the metal tracer line to replace the metal film tracer belt. Because the core of the tracer line is copper and has a certain cross-sectional area, its conductivity is significantly better than that of the thin film tracer belt, especially when it is just buried, the detection effect is better. However, with the extension of time, the tracer line exposed a lot of problems. A. Once the tracer line has a breakpoint, such as being cut off during construction, natural corrosion, and not firmly connected, it cannot be detected from the breakpoint back. B. Compared with other underground pipelines or lines, the conductivity of the tracer line is not as good as that of them, so the detection signal is too weak to confuse the pipeline position. Moreover, the tensile property is poor, and it cannot be laid in directional drilling crossing.

5、废旧通信光缆

5. Waste communication optical cable

鉴于金属示踪线的缺点，废旧通信光缆可以较好地该问题。通信光缆是由若干根（芯）光纤（一般从几芯到几千芯）构成的缆心和外护层所组成。光缆中有加强构件去承受外界的机械负荷，以保护光纤免受各种外机械力的影响，从而了光缆的耐久性。尤其在定向钻穿越施工中，光缆的强负荷力可以完整的敷设。在300500米间隔处，埋设检测桩，将光缆引检测桩内，方便日后检测定位。光缆的缺点是导电性能低于金属示踪线，受干扰的区域检测效果较差。

In view of the shortcomings of the metal tracer line, the waste communication optical cable can better solve this problem. Communication optical cable is composed of cable core and outer sheath composed of several (core) optical fibers (generally from several to several thousand cores). There are strengthening members in the optical cable to bear the external mechanical load, so as to protect the optical cable from the impact of various external mechanical forces, thus improving the durability of the optical cable. Especially in directional drilling crossing construction, the strong load of optical cable can be laid completely. At the interval of 300 to 500 meters, test piles shall be buried, and optical cables shall be led into the test piles to facilitate future detection and positioning. The disadvantage of optical cable is that its conductivity is lower than that of metal tracer line, and the detection effect of disturbed area is poor.

6、地下管道电子标志系统

6. Underground pipeline electronic marking system

电子标志系统(ElectronicMark System).早起源于美国，由3M公司为公共设施应用而开发，严格遵循美国公共劳动协会(APWA)制定的地下设施标志的规范，用于对现场设施的定位。其工作原理是将电子标志器埋设于管道上方，每个电子标志器内都存有一个..的识别代码，如同每个人的身份证号码一样。电子标志器内可以自定义储存管道的重要信息，如相对位置、埋深、管径、管材、管道压力、敷设日期等。在地面上使用定位设备(探测仪)定位电子标志器的位置，并读取储

Electronic Mark System. It originated in the United States and was developed by 3M Company for the application of public facilities. It strictly follows the specifications of underground facility signs formulated by the American Association of Public Workers (APWA) for the positioning of on-site facilities. Its working principle is to bury the electronic marker above the pipeline, and each electronic marker has a The identification code of is the same as the ID number of each person. The electronic marker can customize and store important information of the pipeline, such as relative position, buried depth, pipe diameter, pipe material, pipe pressure, laying date, etc. Use positioning equipment (detector) on the ground to locate the position of electronic marker and read